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Helicopter-based wildfire monitoring system software architecture

機譯：基于直升機的野火監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)軟件架構(gòu)

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This work introduces a flexible and reusable architecture designed to facilitate the development of remote sensing applications. Based on it, we are developing a helicopter system, called Red-Eye, devoted to the detection, control and analysis of wild land forest fires in the Mediterranean area. The design of the proposed system is composed of five main components. Each component will work collaboratively to constitute a platform of high added value. The general architecture designed for wildfire monitoring is being tailored for two relevant objectives within the particular Mediterranean scenario: tactical day/night fire front evolution, and post-fire hot-spot detection. The generalized integration of monitoring vehicles with the operation of other aerial resources (attack helicopter and airplanes) is an unsolved problem, both technically and methodologically. However, the operation of a monitoring helicopter during certain very well identified phases of the extinction process in highly plausible. High-level strategic monitoring is possible because no-conflicts will appear due to different flight levels; however, low-level tactical monitoring is a source of potentially dangerous in-flight traffic conflicts. In addition to monitoring the fire front evolution, detection of remaining post-fire hot-spots located at the perimeter of fire is the main application that has been foreseen. Just after a fire front is contained or even during the days following the fire extinction, the monitoring tasks have to be maintained because of the danger of fire reactivation. The cost of monitoring with ground teams or aerial means it is very expensive and consumes resources needed in other fronts or possibly concurrent fires. However, a helicopter equipped with thermal cameras, can flight over the area and generate a map of hot spots with higher precision at a smaller cost. It is crucial in this application that the hot spots are reported immediately to avoid having ground brigades wai- - ting for data for too long. Also, it is important to feedback the information in such a way it can be effectively consumed, not forcing ground brigades to walk around the forest without a clear operational scheme. Based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) a heliborne hot-spot detection system is being developed. This paper describes the global architecture of the system, including the air segment, the ground control segment, and the interface with the squads operating on the fire area, etc. We also demonstrate how the available pre-defined modules in the SOA architecture have been reused to design this particular application, the additional subsystems required to implement specific hot-spot mission requirements, and the overall system / end-user interface.
機譯：這項工作引入了一種靈活且可重用的體系結(jié)構(gòu)，旨在促進遙感應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們正在開發(fā)一種名為Red-Eye的直升機系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)致力于檢測，控制和分析地中海地區(qū)的荒地森林火災(zāi)。擬議系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計由五個主要部分組成。每個組件將協(xié)同工作，以構(gòu)成一個高附加值的平臺。專為野火監(jiān)視而設(shè)計的通用體系結(jié)構(gòu)是針對特定地中海情景中的兩個相關(guān)目標(biāo)而量身定制的：戰(zhàn)術(shù)晝/夜火鋒演變和火后熱點檢測。在技??術(shù)和方法上，將監(jiān)視車輛與其他空中資源（攻擊直升機和飛機）的操作進行普遍集成是一個尚未解決的問題。然而，在非常明確的滅絕過程的某些階段中，監(jiān)視直升機的運行是非常合理的。高層戰(zhàn)略監(jiān)視是可能的，因為不會因航班級別不同而出現(xiàn)沖突；但是，低級戰(zhàn)術(shù)監(jiān)視是潛在危險的空中交通沖突的根源。除了監(jiān)視火鋒的演變之外，預(yù)見到位于火場周邊的剩余火后熱點的發(fā)現(xiàn)是主要的應(yīng)用。在緊接火線之后或什至在滅火后的幾天內(nèi)，由于重新著火的危險，必須維持監(jiān)視任務(wù)。地面小組或空中監(jiān)視的成本非常昂貴，并且會消耗其他戰(zhàn)線或可能同時發(fā)生的火災(zāi)所需的資源。但是，配備有熱像儀的直升機可以在該區(qū)域上空飛行，并以較低的成本生成更高精度的熱點地圖。在此應(yīng)用中至關(guān)重要的是，必須立即報告熱點，以免地面旅等待數(shù)據(jù)的時間過長。同樣，重要的是以一種可以被有效利用的方式來反饋信息，而不要在沒有明確的操作方案的情況下迫使地面旅在森林中行走?；诿嫦蚍?wù)的架構(gòu)（SOA），正在開發(fā)直升機載熱點檢測系統(tǒng)。本文描述了系統(tǒng)的全局體系結(jié)構(gòu)，包括空中部分，地面控制部分以及與在火區(qū)工作的小隊的接口等。我們還演示了如何在SOA體系結(jié)構(gòu)中使用可用的預(yù)定義模塊重用于設(shè)計此特定應(yīng)用程序，實現(xiàn)特定熱點任務(wù)要求所需的其他子系統(tǒng)以及整個系統(tǒng)/最終用戶界面。

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